A common point of disagreement concerns whether art is independent of any moral or political purpose.Īestheticians weigh a culturally contingent conception of art versus one that is purely theoretical. Philosophical aesthetics must not only speak about and judge art and art works but also define art. In practice, aesthetic judgement refers to the sensory contemplation or appreciation of an object (not necessarily a work of art), while artistic judgement refers to the recognition, appreciation or criticism of art or an art work. Some consider aesthetics to be a synonym for the philosophy of art since Hegel, while others insist that there is a significant distinction between these closely related fields. It examines topics such as art works, aesthetic experience, and aesthetic judgments. But aesthetics typically considers questions of beauty as well as of art.
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Some separate aesthetics and the philosophy of art, claiming that the former is the study of beauty and taste while the latter is the study of works of art. Aesthetics and the philosophy of art Īesthetics is for the artist as ornithology is for the birds. Baumgarten's definition of aesthetics in the fragment Aesthetica (1750) is occasionally considered the first definition of modern aesthetics. The term aesthetics was appropriated and coined with new meaning by the German philosopher Alexander Baumgarten in his dissertation Meditationes philosophicae de nonnullis ad poema pertinentibus (English: "Philosophical considerations of some matters pertaining the poem") in 1735 Baumgarten chose "aesthetics" because he wished to emphasize the experience of art as a means of knowing.
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Aesthetics in this central sense has been said to start with the series of articles on "The Pleasures of the Imagination", which the journalist Joseph Addison wrote in the early issues of the magazine The Spectator in 1712. The word aesthetic is derived from the Ancient Greek αἰσθητικός ( aisthētikós, "perceptive, sensitive, pertaining to sensory perception"), which in turn comes from αἰσθάνομαι ( aisthánomai, "I perceive, sense, learn") and is related to αἴσθησις ( aísthēsis, "perception, sensation").
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Aesthetics considers why people like some works of art and not others, as well as how art can affect moods or even our beliefs. The philosophy of art specifically studies how artists imagine, create, and perform works of art, as well as how people use, enjoy, and criticize art. It considers what happens in our minds when we engage with aesthetic objects or environments such as viewing visual art, listening to music, reading poetry, experiencing a play, or exploring nature. Īesthetics covers both natural and artificial sources of aesthetic experience and judgment. It examines aesthetic values, often expressed through judgments of taste.
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Aesthetics, or esthetics ( / ɛ s ˈ θ ɛ t ɪ k s, iː s-, æ s-/), is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics).